NOTICE: Legal notices, Terms of Service, warranty information, disclaimers, health warnings, etc. are required reading before using website, ordering and/or using Products. Any such use and/or ordering, online or by telephone, shall constitute acceptance and knowledge of all such terms.

CLICK HERE (www.epoxyproducts.com/legal.html) to access these terms.

HELP!

PROGRESSIVE EPOXY POLYMERS, INC.


CONTACT INFO - ORDERING - HOW TO REACH US - PHONE/EMAIL/FAX INFO


"Flooring solutions from multiple vendors"


GOTO THE FLOOR COATINGS PAGE IN OUR PRODUCT CATALOG
- CLICK HERE

we have a page that talks about all your anti-slip options - click here


Information on Vinyl Chip system floors OFTEN FOR GARAGES BUT

ALSO INCLUDING HOW IT WAS DONE ON A BOAT



Epoxy for Garage floors
paint chip color chart

The Floor Coatings Page

This is your starting point page (with lots of internet links) for learning about all kinds of epoxy floor coating options, from low cost garage epoxy floors, to decorative home floors, to high-end commercial work floors.


while writen for cement floors the methods and products will also work on wood/plywood and metal floors

READ ABOUT PRIMER OPTIONS/CONCERNS AT OUR PRIMER PAGE

primers improve bond to the cement and can reduce air bubbles coming out of the cement and getting trapped in the epoxy - CLICK HERE

What can go wrong -


The Problem Page (air bubbles - blisters etc). A must read. There are situations and things, some completely outside of your control or knowledge that could cause problems when you are dealing with epoxy floor coatings. The final decision to epoxy or not, surface preparation, which products to use, how to apply etc. are all you responsibility, not withstanding suggestions, comments, options, we may offer to you. Read our legal section CLICK HERE (www.epoxyproducts.com/legal.html) for more details and disclaimers.

Products and problems will be similar with all companies and vendors. We simply are willing to 'educate' you about them. We share the good news and the potential for bad news with you. We like educated and informed customers, even if we scare some of them away. I don't think any of 'other companies' have a 'What can Go Wrong Page" on their web sites!


Many people and companies opt to use a coating contractor to select and to apply their epoxy floor. This way many or most of the issues that can cause problems shifts from your responsibility to the contractor's responsibility. This is one reason why the contractors get paid so well. A few bad calls by the contractor and he's in debt and/or out of business.

We DO NOT have a list of contractors or other service providers that we recommend.


To go to our WHAT CAN GO WRONG PAGE:
CLICK HERE

GOOGLE LOGO

.. CLICK HERE TO GOOGLE SEARCH OUR ENTIRE WEB SITE FOR KEY TERMS/WORDS ..


EXAMPLE OF DIY GARAGE FLOOR WITH CHIPS - ACTUAL CUSTOMER EXAMPLE - CLICK HERE


Note: basements are like garages, but with much more serious moisture problems that could cause a coating to fail. Some coating manufactures simply don't recommend their products for basements to avoid these potential problems


At the bottom of this page we also have links to some of our competitors as well as some "how to" sites on epoxy floors.

New to epoxies? Click Here to become an instant expert!

Chemistry Of Epoxies and Polyurethanes

Epoxy Paints 101 - more epoxy basics

Shot blast surface preparation - Associated Surface Prep (California) - Peter Hughes - 530-662-3696

Knowledge is Power - We like informed consumers!

Learn the basics of epoxy at our educational EPOXY 101 page - Click Here.

Finally, email us back with your questions or comments before you buy - EMAIL HERE




GOTO THE FLOOR COATINGS PAGE IN OUR CATALOG (www.epoxyproducts.com/b_floor.html)


BEFORE WE BEGIN: Our approach here at Progressive Epoxy Polymers, Inc., is to educate you about epoxy floors and then offer you all the options. This also means you'll have to make a good number of decisions. Some people really like this 'information based/take charge of it yourself' approach. Other people get upset because we do not offer/provide a stock/one approach 'kit' that they can purchase without having to do any of the 'homework' that begins below. So, if you're looking for that off the shelf kit with a five minute decison process, you're at the wrong epoxy floor site.


Before we get into the kinds of floor epoxies, application, etc. we have another web page that give more of the broader picture and general pluses and minuses of epoxy floors - sort of the bigger picture before you focus on down to the specifics on this page - to visit
www.epoxyproducts.com/beginfloor4u.html (click here).

In a nutshell: 3 kinds of floor epoxies:

1) thick, shiny, no solvents or odor - can be slippery when wet; serious commerical stuff - called: INDUSTRIAL FLOOR EPOXY ---

2) water-based floor epoxy - thin - will not hide cracks or flaws but functional and the most user friendly. Sometimes used as a primer under option #1. called: WATER BOND ---

3) solvent based thin epoxy with anti-slip grit - tan color only. Use by itself or over other epoxies. called ROUGH COAT------

EPOXIES WITH COLORED CHIPS - you pick chip colors and percentages from online color chart. Several different methods to apply - generally a 1 to 4 coat system - you must decide! How much or how little surface prep and primer or no primer - also you decision! We only provide the products - with enough options to get your head spinning.

Note: the common floor epoxy sold in the big box stores is typically a water-based floor epoxy.

These epoxies can be found in our floor page of our catalog: (www.epoxyproducts.com/b_floor.html)


In a nutshell (part 2) - coating product options:


1) Bio Vee Gloss™ - a non epoxy, clear acrylic waterbased concrete sealer (a good, cheap, alternative).
CATALOG LINK

2) Industrial Floor Epoxy™- a solvent free epoxy. Can be used as is or with chips or plain/colored sands. Add grit for anti-slip. Colors: light gray or beige. CATALOG LINK

2-b) various clear solvent free epoxies for sealing in colored chips, etc. Can also be pigmented (we carry several colors of epoxy pigments) for additional sovlent free floor coating options (much like the Industrial Floor Epoxy mentioned above). CATALOG LINK

3) Water Bond™ - waterbased floor epoxy (or can be used as a primer under the Industrial Floor Epoxy). Easy to apply. Add grit for anti Slip. Color: medium gray. CATALOG LINK

4) Rough Coat™- a solvent based, tan colored epoxy with fine grit already in it. Nice texture. Can be painted over for a different color. CATALOG LINK

5) Deck Plus™ - a waterbased non-epoxy coating with rubbergrit. Best applied with hopper gun spray unit. Can be troweled on in small areas (boats decks, steps, etc.). Exterior sidewalk type texture. Can also be mixed into latex paint for 'grit in paint' look. Colors: tan or gray. CATALOG LINK

6) Acrylic Poly UV plus™ (gloss or satin) - a high solvent, 2 part urethane often used as a clear coat over epoxies because it will keep the epoxy glossy and will keep it from yellowing. Found in the Non Epoxy/Urethane section of our catalogs. Best if applied over a coat of thinned epoxy when used on wood. CATALOG LINK

7) Aluthane™ - an aluminum filled moistured cured urethane. A general purpose, high perforance, high solvent, metallic coating. Often used on metal or wood structures, it also makes a touch, durable, gray/silver floor coating that can be applied at low temperature. Found in the Non Epoxy/Urethane section of our catlaogs. CATALOG LINK

8) India Spar Varnish™ - old fashion oil based varnish for wood surfaces. Best if applied over a coat of thinned epoxy when used on wood. CATALOG LINK

Links:




These products are discussed/linked to below and on other related pages.


Getting Started


note: these epoxy systems will also work on wood, metal and fiberglass surfaces.

Step 1: Is your cement floor suitable for coating?

Here is a link to what Rustoleum says about suitablity of a cement floor for epoxy coating: (Aug. 05) http://www.rustoleum.com/EPOXYShield_Tips.asp?TipType=MP#WNTA


What kind of surface prep can you do or are you willing to do? This is best discussed in our 'garage/basement page" Some folks get away with just sweeping and painting. Others do all sorts of prep. It is your call (we cannot make that call for you!). You usually don't know if you have done enough util it is too late. http://www.epoxyproducts.com/garage4u.html


What is your objective? protect the cement and easy to sweep (functional) or 'showroom'? Are you willing to take the time, effort and cost required for a fancy multi coat system? It could be a 1 to 7 coat system. Want to have that paint clip look? - there are several different application methods and different coatings to consider, not counting the color, percent of each color and how thick you want to put the chips down. See http://www.epoxyproducts.com/chips4u.html


What can go wrong - the Problem Page
CLICK HERE


A water based epoxy system or a thicker solvent free epoxy floor coating? You'll need to decide this before you can proceed. See Water based epoxy option below.


"Serious" workshop/industrial/workplace often use a 2 coat quartz broadcast floor. "Fancy" residential garages often like a colored chip floor system. "Plain/functional" is ususally just a single coat of the solvent free (Industrial Floor Epoxy™) or water based (Water Bond™, or solvent based with grit, floor epoxy (Rough Coat™).


You can select (or may require) anything from a 1 coat system thru a 7 coat system..........



Step 2: Optional step - seal the concrete internally with our Bio Vee Seal product. Leaves nothing on the surface - reduces or removes musty odors and dampness. Cheap, easy, no surface prep needed - must be applied direct to the concrete. (about 20 cents per square foot)

USED BY ITSELF, IT WILL REDUCE, OR ELIMINATE, MOISTURE MIGRATION THROUGH CONCRETE FLOORS AND WELLS (THROUGH THE CONCRETE ITSELF, NOT WHEN MIGRATION IS THROUGH CRACKS). IT IS USED ON CONCRETE THAT IS ALWAYS A BIT DAMP AND TO END THE 'MUSTY' OR DAMP SMELL IN BASEMENTS, ETC. PERHAPS MORE IMPORTANTLY, BUT LESS OBVIOUS, IS THAT BY REDUCING OR ELIMINATING MOISTURE MOVEMENT THROUGH THE CONCRETE IT INCREASES THE LIKELIHOOD OF A SUCCESSFUL PAINT OR COATING JOB ON THE CONCRETE SURFACE (NOTE: THIS PRODUCT WORKS BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE CONCRETE, IT LEAVES NOTHING ON THE SURFACE). THIS IS BECAUSE MANY COATING FAILURES ARE THE RESULT OF MOISTURE OR VAPOR PRESSURE BUILDING UP ON THE UNDERSIDE OF COATINGS APPLIED TO CONCRETE.

BECAUSE OF THIS, BIO VEE SEAL IS ALSO A RECOMMENDED, BUT OPTIONAL, PRE-TREATMENT TO CONCRETE SURFACES THAT WILL BE COATED WITH SOME SORT OF SURFACE COATING.

Step 3: Consider applying a clear sealer over the concrete (instead of a more durable, tougher, higher quality epoxy floor paint), whether you've applied Bio Vee Seal or not. These medium quality sealers will give the concrete a shiny wet look and reduce dusting on the surface. Cleaning and sweeping will be easier. Our Solar Gard water-based acrylic is an example. Note that this step could mean you can never epoxy coat the surface in the future.

THIS PRODUCT IS LISTED IN OUR CLEAR COATINGS SECTION (SECTION D) CLICK HERE TO GO THERE.

Step 4: Optional step - coat - prime surface with our water based floor epoxy - Water Bond. Looks like a coat of thin paint - will not hide or fill cracks, chips etc. Leaves original cement non-slip texture. Water based so it soaks into the cement resulting in a decreased risk of coating adhesion failure (water based primers may be better than solvent based primers on concrete) . Needs two coats to uniformly cover non-uniform colored cement. Can be used as a finish or final coat too. (about 30 cents per squ. foot). LOTS MORE ABOUT PRIMERS.


Step 5: Apply 100% solids epoxy floor paint (Industrial Floor Epoxy - click here) - will probably need to add anti-slip grit. You can get more fancy here: broadcast colored chips or sand (plain or colored) for thicker and/or more durable and/or more decorative look. (about 40 cents per square foot to $2 per square foot for the fancy multicoat systems). This step may include several coats of pigmented and clear epoxies with chips or colored sands in one or more of the coats.

The Water Bond (step 4) can also be used (and often is) as the first and only epoxy floor coating - instead of the Industrial Floor Epoxy.

Another option is our Rough Coat™ (thin solvent based, tan colored floor epoxy with non-skid grit already mixed in) over either the Water Bond epoxy or the Industrial Floor Epoxy.


INEXPENSIVE SPECIAL AFFECTS


Step 6: sometimes people topcoat the epoxy with a more color stable urethane (i.e. a snowy white floor) or clear polyurethane (about 20-30 cents per square foot - may need two coats). We now offer a 2 part urethane clear coat with max UV blockers that should reduce or stop the UV yellowing of epoxies and maintain a good shine. It is called Acrylic Poly UV Plus.


NOTES: MANY PEOPLE DO JUST ONE OR TWO OF THE PRECEDING STEPS (#2, #3, #4, #5). RARE FOR PEOPLE TO PRE-TREAT (BIO VEE SEAL), PRIME WITH WATER BASED EPOXY, TOPCOAT WITH SOLVENT FREE EPOXY (PARTIALLY BECAUSE PRODUCTS COME FROM 3 DIFFERENT SOURCES).

IF YOU ARE CONSIDERING CARPETING, WOOD FLOORS, ETC. OVER A CEMENT FLOOR - YOU REALLY DO NEED TO 'SEAL' THE CONCRETE (WE HAVE HEARD LOTS OF HORROR STORIES WHEN PEOPLE DON'T DO THIS). YOU CAN USE ONE OR MORE OF STEPS #2, #3, #4, TO DO THIS.


how much surface prep you do and which combinations of steps to do are tough decisions you'll have to make, as well as how fancy you want to get appearance-wise with steps #4 and/or #5.



NOTE THAT A GALLON OF ANYTHING SPREAD 1/4 INCH THICK WILL COVER ONLY 6.5 SQUARE FEET. A LOW SPOT/DIP OR TWO ON YOUR SURFACE CAN QUICKLY THROW YOUR ESTIMATED COVERAGE (GENERALLY 100-150 SQUARE FEET PER GALLON) OUT THE WINDOW....


Don't leap into a floor coating project until you've made a decision about how much or how little surface preparation you are willing to do. This could be your biggest and most critical decision - CLICK HERE to go to our surface prep page.


Other Options

Basically we walk people thru the floor coating selection process by figuring out if they will/should use the solvent free Industrial Floor Epoxy or the waterbased Water Bond floor epoxy. Then the dialog gets into primers, topcoats, etc. based upon the 'guessed' condition of the concrete, the desired end result (appearance or pure functionality, etc.). But there are other options too.

One can just use our Low V clear water epoxy (which wil yellow in direct sun) which is often thinned with solvent and used as a optional primer under the Industrial floor epoxy. It can be used by itself only to seal the floor for a functional surface.

Also, our 1 part aluminum filled, moisture cured urethane (called Aluthane - click here) - color is 'aluminum' or 'silvery light gray' makes a very tough, easy to apply, protective floor coating on wood or concrete. I just recently opted to use that instead of epoxy on the floor of a new yard shed. I was able to apply it with temperatures in the upper 30's (too cold for epoxies!)


Epoxy for Garage floors
EXAMPLE OF DIY GARAGE FLOOR WITH CHIPS - ACTUAL CUSTOMER EXAMPLE - CLICK HERE

GOTO THE FLOOR COATINGS PAGE IN OUR PRODUCT CATALOG - CLICK HERE

The Water Based Epoxy floor option -

Often for home use - less likely to have problems compared to 'regular' solvent free epoxy that rely completely on surface only bonding. Most forgiving floor epoxy in terms of surface preparation. It is both the primer and/or topcoat. It is functional but doesn't hide cracks, rough spots etc. That can be good as it leaves much of the original cement non slip texture in place (unlike the thicker, fault hiding, solvent free Industrial Floor Epoxy). The common Rustoleum garage floor paint sold in Home Depot, etc. is a waterbased floor epoxy. Our product is called Water Bond and comes in 1 gal units in med gray.

This product has its own web site: CLICK HERE


Select from between a 1 coat system all the way to a 7 coat system


Note the commerical applicators rarely use a 1 coat system, while many homeowners do. Most professionals use some sort of primer coat, few homeowners do.


A description of each of the 1 to 7 coat approaches is posted on our "garage" page.

(www.epoxyproducts.com/garage4u.html)



-- NOTE: PRODUCT SHEETS AND MSDS FOR MOST OF THESE PRODUCTS CAN BE FOUND AT:

WWW.EPOXYPRODUCTS.COM/DATAMSDS.HTML ----


New to epoxies? Click Here to become an instant expert!

Chemistry Of Epoxies and Polyurethanes

Epoxy Paints 101 - more epoxy basics

Shot blast surface preparation - Associated Surface Prep (California) - Peter Hughes - 530-662-3696


Don't leap into a floor coating project until you've made a decision about how much or how little surface preparation you are willing to do. This could be your biggest and most critical decision - CLICK HERE to go to our surface prep page.



GOTO THE FLOOR COATINGS PAGE IN OUR PRODUCT CATALOG - CLICK HERE
What can go wrong - the Problem Page CLICK HERE

LINKS

Related epoxy flooring articles:

RELATED LINKS

Low V - clear epoxy coating (in section D_Clear epoxy subpage) CLICK HERE

Acrylic Poly UV Plus - UV blocking clear coat (in section E_Nonepoxy subpage) CLICK HERE

Paint Chip info and color chart (www.epoxyproducts.com/chips4u.html) CLICK HERE

What can go wrong - the Problem Page CLICK HERE

Floor coatings page (lists Water Bond, Rough Coat, and Industrial Floor Epoxy) in catalog (section B_Floor) CLICK HERE

Most popular floor coating system page (www.epoxyproducts.com/floorpopular.html) CLICK HERE
color charts:

colored chips color chart

industrial floor epoxy color chart

Flex Deck - flexible broadcast system (boat decks etc.)

The Floor Coatings Page - THIS SITE - (links to all the other floor pages)

Clear Coat Products (for top-coating epoxy floors)

Epoxy for Garage floors

ELA System (epoxy-latex-acrylic system for inexpensive custom home floors)

Information on quartz broadcast floors (high use commercial and or decorative home) - also non-skid on boats

Information on epoxy-pebble outdoor surfaces


Information on Vinyl Chip system floors OFTEN FOR GARAGES BUT

ALSO INCLUDING HOW IT WAS DONE ON A BOAT

Successful epoxy coating jobs

How/why to epoxy paint your slab

Beginner's guide to epoxy floors (start here if you're new to epoxy floors)

Acid Etching

Surface Preparation

Primers and Priming

EXAMPLE OF DIY GARAGE FLOOR WITH CHIPS - ACTUAL CUSTOMER EXAMPLE - CLICK HERE


GOTO THE FLOOR COATINGS PAGE IN OUR CATALOG
(www.epoxyproducts.com/b_floor.html)


Does your floor have a vapor barrier? UNDERSTANDING VAPOR TRANSMISSION ISSUES WHEN COATING CONCRETE article -
CLICK HERE



Third-party web site link on concrete floor surface preparation:

http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/surface_preparation/index.html


We now offer a much safer acid etch product (it is even considered NON-HAZMAT to ship). It even helps clean the floors. Nearly odorless and fumeless. Will not harm nearby metal surfaces. Called Prep N Etch™. CLICK HERE


What can go wrong - the Problem Page CLICK HERE

competitors:

Muscle Gloss ----------- http://www.musclegloss.com/ ---------- note that the commerical kit has a primer


Rustoleum (Home Depot system) Epoxy Shield (tm) system ----
http://www.rustoleum.com/brand.asp?frm_brand_id=19&SBL=1 ------------ note that they call their 1 coat system "good", their 2 coat primer and epoxy "Better" and their 3 coat primer, epoxy, and topcoat "Best"


Caswell ------
http://www.caswellplating.com/aids/floor_system.html ----- note a 2 coat water based epoxy system with colored chips and a clear urethane topcoat




CLICK HERE
to goto AARON'S Directory of Epoxy Web Sites

CLICK HERE to goto Paints-Coatings-Epoxies Web Site


Inexpensive Special Affects:

The colored quartz sands and vinyl chips add a lot of 'snap' to your epoxy floor, but can be an expensive and time consuming project (for more info see links section above). There are easy and cheap alternatives: 1) our ELA link above offers a way to "faux sponge paint" a decorative finish over the epoxy using ordinary latex paint. 2) we have had exciting looking results using "American Accept" stone look spray paint from Walmart and Home Depot over the epoxy and then sealing with a clear coat. 3) really neat and cheap - using cheap spray paint and 'mist' the surface by spraying high and far away. The results are tiny droplets that fall on the dry (day or two old is best) epoxy surface. Using black, white and an deep orange (etc.) will yield a granite like look. If things go bad, immediately wipe the fresh spray paint droplets off with a solvent soaked rag and try again! Practice on a piece of cardboard or construction paper to get the look and colors right before attacking your new epoxy floor. You might want a clear topcoat over the 'spray paint' (our LPU 100 is the best product for this), but we are thinking you probably will not need it. Even if the paint droplets do eventually wear off, you can always reapply......


Try a faux finish or other options. CLICK HERE to go to Paint Sites -- URL: http://www.PaintSites.com -- Valuable Paint Directory and Information Resource.
__________________________________________________________________

Email Customer Feedback

Subject: Thanks
Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2003 18:38:01 -0400
From: "Martha & Mark" <xxxxxx@comcast.net>

Hi,

Just wanted to say Thanks for the great product (Industrial Floor Epoxy) and service on my Garage floor project. It set up great and once I got the nak for Pot Life times, I was off and running laying down the mixture!!

I should have taken before and after photos but it really came out great and most important, I can see the strength of the Epoxy as a protective
barrier. I look forward to winter now with all it's wrath! This time I'm ready!

Hope to be in touch soon for other projects.

Mark


What can go wrong - the Problem Page CLICK HERE


Epoxy for Garage floors
EXAMPLE OF DIY GARAGE FLOOR WITH CHIPS - ACTUAL CUSTOMER EXAMPLE - CLICK HERE

GOTO THE FLOOR SECTION OF OUR INDUSTRIAL CATALOG

(WWW.EPOXYPRODUCTS.COM/B_FLOOR.HTML)


Don't leap into a floor coating project until you've made a decision about how much or how little surface preparation you are willing to do. This could be your biggest and most critical decision - CLICK HERE to go to our surface prep page.


CONTACT INFO - ORDERING - HOW TO REACH US - PHONE/EMAIL/FAX INFO


GOTO THE FLOOR COATINGS PAGE IN OUR PRODUCT CATALOG - CLICK HERE
Disclaimers:

Progressive Epoxy Polymers, Inc. shall not be liable for any injury, loss, damage, direct or consequential damages arising out of the use of its products. The purchaser/applicator shall determine the suitability of the products for the intended use. The products are applied by others and Progressive Epoxy Polymers does not provide any warranties, whatsoever arising in connection with the use of these products.

APPLICATION/SUITABILITY DISCLAIMER. Any suggestions/procedures offered by Progressive Epoxy Polymers, Inc. are given AS-IS without any warranty and in no way expand the rights under which you have, or will purchase, this product or related products. Your use of any of these suggestions/procedures is at your sole cost and risk. In no event shall Seller be liable to you for CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL damages. You must make an independent determination whether to follow any or all of the above items based upon the numerous application variables at hand. Consult Seller Warranty Disclaimer and Return Policy document for additional notifications.


TEMPERATURE AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE DISCLAIMER. The temperature ranges and/or chemical resistance or pot life information outlined above is based upon information provided by the raw material vendor or product formulator, or private tests. It is provided AS-IS without any warranty and in no way expand the rights under which you have, or will purchase, this product or related products. Chemical resistance can vary depending upon, but not limited to, such factors as evaporation, temperature, humidity/moisture, surface preparation, interaction with other chemicals, oxygen levels, and evaporation. Temperature effects on coatings can vary based upon solar heating/coating color, ventilation, duration of frequency of heating cycle, immersion or moisture levels and fluid flow. Pot life is affected by temperature, volume of epoxy mixed and shape of the container. Your use of these epoxies under these conditions is at your sole cost and risk. In no event shall Seller be liable to you for temperature or chemically caused coating failure or CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL damages. You must make an independent determination confirming the coating's resistance to the chemicals and temperatures present in your unique situation.


SUGGESTION DISCLAIMER. Any suggestions/procedures offered are given AS-IS without any warranty. Use of website/email/telephone sugestions and/or procedures is at your sole cost and risk. Buyer is solely responsible for testing the suitability of Product and determining quantities needed. Buyer is also solely responsible for compliance with local VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) regulations controlling the purchase and use of Product at buyer's location. Carefully read and understand all Product application, safety precautions and MSDS information before ordering.

Additional Disclaimer and other legal notifications CLICK HERE


Reasons for coating failures

Preparation problem 70%; application problem 12%; environment problem 6%; wrong paint selection 9%; bad paint 1%; adding thinner 2%


"At least 70% of premature coatings failures are traced back to 'surface preparation' whether referring to wood, concrete, or metal. In a commercial recoating project, the costs (and profit) associated with surface preparation are about 70% of the job. How extensive the surface preparation is will depend on the performance expectation of the owner... Know the A, B, C's of surface preparation - visible contaminants, invisible contaminants, and profile."

Dr. Lydia Frenzel, The ABCs of Surface Preparation, Cleaner Times, April 2001, pg. 42-44.



#####

-------